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TDA (Tire Derived Aggregate) 1

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Self-centring segmental retaining walls—A new construction system for retaining walls

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 980-1000 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0737-5

Abstract: This paper reports on an experimental study on a new self-centring retaining wall system.Four post-tensioned segmental retaining walls (PSRWs) were experimentally tested.Each of the walls was constructed using seven T-shaped concrete segments with a dry stack.The walls were tested under incrementally increasing cyclic lateral load.The results showed that such PSRWs are structurally adequate for water retaining structures.

Keywords： retaining wall     segmental     precast concrete     unbonded post-tensioning     water retaining wall     seawall    

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Recent advances in geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls for highway applications

Jie HAN, Yan JIANG, Chao XU

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2,   Pages 239-247 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0424-8

Abstract: Geosynthetic-reinforced retaining (GRR) walls have been increasingly used to support roadways and bridgeIn recent years, advances have been made in construction and design of GRR walls for highway applicationsFor example, piles have been installed inside GRR walls to support bridge abutments and sound barrierwalls.Geosynthetic layers at closer spacing are used in GRR walls to form a composite mass to support an integrated

Keywords： bridge     geosynthetic     highway     reinforced     wall    

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Seismic effects on reinforcement load and lateral deformation of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 1001-1015 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0734-8

Abstract: Current design methods for the internal stability of geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls postulateresistances in the mid and lower layers as evinced by compound failure frequently occurring in GRS wallsreinforcement are conducted to investigate seismic impacts on the stability and lateral deformation of GRS walls

Keywords： geosynthetics     reinforced soil     retaining walls     seismic performance    

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Multi-scale investigation of active failure for various modes of wall movement

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4,   Pages 961-979 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0738-4

Abstract: Retained backfill response to wall movement depends on factors that range from boundary conditions to the geometrical characteristic of individual particles. Hence, mechanical understanding of the problem warrants multi-scale analyses that investigate reciprocal relationships between macro and micro effects. Accordingly, this study attempts a multi-scale examination of failure evolution in cohesionless backfills. Therefore, the transition of retained backfills from at-rest condition to the active state is modeled using the discrete element method (DEM). DEM allows conducting virtual experiments, with which the variation of particle and boundary properties is straightforward. Hence, various modes of wall movement (translation and rotation) toward the active state are modeled using two different backfills with distinct particle shapes (spherical and nonspherical) under varying surcharge. For each model, cumulative rotations of single particles are tracked, and the results are used to analyze the evolution of shear bands and their geometric characteristics. Moreover, dependencies of lateral pressure coefficients and coordination numbers, as respective macro and micro behavior indicators, on particle shape, boundary conditions, and surcharge levels are investigated. Additionally, contact force networks are visually determined, and their influences on pressure distribution and deformation mechanisms are discussed with reference to the associated modes of wall movement and particle shapes.

Keywords： discrete-element modelling     granular materials     retaining walls     particle shape     arching    

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Seismic analysis of semi-gravity RC cantilever retaining wall with TDA backfill

Il-Sang AHN, Lijuan CHENG

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 4,   Pages 455-469 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0392-z

Abstract: The seismic behavior of Tire Derived Aggregate (TDA) used as backfill material of 6.10 m high retainingwalls was investigated based on nonlinear time-history Finite Element Analysis (FEA).The retaining walls were semi-gravity reinforced concrete cantilever type.under the Takatori earthquake, the TDA-backfill model developed substantially large displacement in the retainingwalls and in the backfill compared with the soil-backfill model.

Keywords： TDA (Tire Derived Aggregate)     scrap tires     retaining wall     seismic analysis     Finite Element Analysis    

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Slender reinforced concrete shear walls with high-strength concrete boundary elements

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 1,   Pages 138-151 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0897-y

Abstract: Reinforced concrete structural walls are commonly used for resisting lateral forces in buildings.In this study, the effects of strategic placement of HSC on the performance of slender walls were examined

Keywords： slender walls     high-strength concrete     rectangular and barbell-shaped walls     cold joints    

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Nitrogen-retaining property of compost in an aerobic thermophilic composting reactor for the sanitary

Fan BAI, Xiaochang WANG,

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2,   Pages 228-234 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0022-7

Abstract: Aerobic composting is a method for the sanitary disposal of human feces as is used in bio-toilet systems. As the products of composting can be utilized as a fertilizer, it would be beneficial if the composting conditions could be more precisely controlled for the retention of fecal nitrogen as long as possible in the compost. In this study, batch experiments were conducted using a closed aerobic thermophilic composting reactor with sawdust as the bulk matrix to simulate the condition of a bio-toilet for the sanitary disposal of human feces. Attention was paid to the characteristics of nitrogen transformation. Under the controlled conditions of temperature at 60°C, moisture content at 60%, and a continuous air supply, more than 70% fecal organic removal was obtained, while merely 17% fecal nitrogen loss was observed over a two-week composting period. The nitrogen loss was found to occur mainly in the first 24 h with the rapid depletion of inorganic nitrogen but with an almost unchanged organic nitrogen content. The fecal NH–N which was the main component of the inorganic nitrogen (>90%) decreased rapidly in the first day, decreased at a slower rate over the following days, and finally disappeared entirely. The depletion of NH–N was accompanied by the accumulation of NH gas in the ammonia absorber connected to the reactor. A mass balance between the exhausted NH gas and the fecal NH–N content in the first 24 hours indicated that the conversion of ammonium into gaseous ammonia was the main reason for nitrogen loss. Thermophilic composting could be considered as a way to keep a high organic nitrogen content in the compost for better utilization as a fertilizer.

Keywords： nitrogen retention     composting reactor     human feces     aerobic     thermophilic     fertilizer    

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Behaviour of self-centring shear walls——A state of the art review

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 1,   Pages 53-77 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0850-0

Abstract: The application of unbonded post-tensioning (PT) in structural walls has led to the development of advancedsliding, confinement, seismic performance factors, PT loss, PT force range and residual drifts of shear wallsThe established database was then used to review shear walls’ configurations, material, and componentsThe behaviour of concrete, masonry and timber shear walls were compared and critically analysed.understand the behaviour of self-centring wall system in order to develop design guidelines for such walls

Keywords： self-centring shear walls     rocking walls     energy dissipation     seismic performance factors     PT loss     residual    

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Experiment and calculation on seismic behavior of RC composite core walls with concealed steel truss

Wanlin CAO , Weihua CHANG , Changjun ZHAO , Jianwei ZHANG ,

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 255-261 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0043-0

Abstract: To improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete core walls, reinforced concrete composite corewalls with concealed steel truss were proposed and systemically investigated.load-carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility, hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation of the core wallsThe test results showed that the seismic performance of core walls is improved greatly by the concealed

Keywords： reinforced concrete     steel truss     core walls     seismic performance    

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Modeling of shear walls using finite shear connector elements based on continuum plasticity

Ulf Arne GIRHAMMAR, Per Johan GUSTAFSSON, Bo KÄLLSNER

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2,   Pages 143-157 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0377-3

Abstract: buildings are often stabilized against lateral loads by using diaphragm action of roofs, floors and wallsof the sheathing-to-framing joints has a significant impact on the structural performance of shear wallsThis paper is focused on the finite element modeling of shear walls.Load-displacement curves for shear walls are calculated using the shear connector model and they are

Keywords： shear walls     wall diaphragms     finite element modelling     plastic shear connector     analytical modelling     experimental    

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Effect of earth reinforcement, soil properties and wall properties on bridge MSE walls

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 1209-1221 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0764-2

Abstract: Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls are popular for highway bridge structures.cohesion has a minor effect, while the movement increased by 13–20 mm for flexible geogrid reinforced wallscompared with the steel grid walls.

Keywords： mechanically stabilized earth walls     precast concrete panels     backfill soil     finite element modeling    

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Self-centering steel plate shear walls for improving seismic resilience

Patricia M. CLAYTON,Daniel M. DOWDEN,Chao-Hsien LI,Jeffrey W. BERMAN,Michel BRUNEAU,Laura N. LOWES,Keh-Chuan TSAI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3,   Pages 283-290 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0344-z

Abstract: As part of a Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation research project led by researchers at the University of Washington with collaborators at University at Buffalo, and Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, a self-centering steel plate shear wall (SC-SPSW) system has been developed to achieve enhanced seismic performance objectives, including recentering. The SC-SPSW consists of thin steel infill panels, referred to as web plates that serve as the primary lateral load-resisting and energy dissipating element of the system. Post-tensioned (PT) beam-to-column connections provide system recentering capabilities. A performance-based design procedure has been developed for the SC-SPSW, and a series of nonlinear response history analyses have been conducted to verify intended seismic performance at multiple hazard levels. Quasi-static subassembly tests, quasi-static and shake table tests of scaled three-story specimens, and pseudo-dynamic tests of two full-scale two-story SC-SPSWs have been conducted. As a culmination of this multi-year, multi-institutional project, this paper will present an overview of the SC-SPSW numerical and experimental research programs. This paper will also discuss innovative PT connection and web plate designs that were investigated to improve constructability, resilience, and seismic performance and that can be applied to other self-centering and steel plate shear wall systems.

Keywords： self-centering     steel plate shear walls     large-scale experiment     post-tensioned connections     performance-based    

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Seismic retrofit of existing SRC frames using rocking walls and steel dampers

Akira WADA, Zhe QU, Shojiro MOTOYUI, Hiroyasu SAKATA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2011, Volume 5, Issue 3,   Pages 259-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0114-x

Abstract: 11-story steel reinforced concrete frame that features the innovative use of post-tensioned rocking walls

Keywords： building structure     seismic retrofit     rocking wall     steel damper    

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Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

Rakesh DUMARU, Hugo RODRIGUES, Humberto VARUM

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 241-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0560-4

Abstract: modified through variable number of storeys (three, four, and five) and different arrangement of infill wallsThe application of infill walls increases the fundamental frequencies, stiffness, and maximum strengthThe vulnerability was also reduced through infill walls, where the probability of exceeding partial-collapseAnd increase in number of storeys causes building highly vulnerable although the infill walls were considered

Keywords： mid-rise buildings     revised NBC 205: 2012     masonry infill walls     configurations of infill walls     vulnerability    

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The seismic analysis and design for the masonry buildingsin rural villages located in meizoseismal areas

Feng Yuan,Yi Dan,Bi Qiong

Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 6,   Pages 138-145

Abstract: text-align: justify;">Based on the characteristics of large spacing masonry buildings with few transverse walls

Keywords： large spacing masonry buildings with few transverse walls     constructional columns     ring beams     ductility     walls between windows    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Self-centring segmental retaining walls—A new construction system for retaining walls

Journal Article

Recent advances in geosynthetic-reinforced retaining walls for highway applications

Jie HAN, Yan JIANG, Chao XU

Journal Article

Seismic effects on reinforcement load and lateral deformation of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls

Journal Article

Multi-scale investigation of active failure for various modes of wall movement

Journal Article

Seismic analysis of semi-gravity RC cantilever retaining wall with TDA backfill

Il-Sang AHN, Lijuan CHENG

Journal Article

Slender reinforced concrete shear walls with high-strength concrete boundary elements

Journal Article

Nitrogen-retaining property of compost in an aerobic thermophilic composting reactor for the sanitary

Fan BAI, Xiaochang WANG,

Journal Article

Behaviour of self-centring shear walls——A state of the art review

Journal Article

Experiment and calculation on seismic behavior of RC composite core walls with concealed steel truss

Wanlin CAO , Weihua CHANG , Changjun ZHAO , Jianwei ZHANG ,

Journal Article

Modeling of shear walls using finite shear connector elements based on continuum plasticity

Ulf Arne GIRHAMMAR, Per Johan GUSTAFSSON, Bo KÄLLSNER

Journal Article

Effect of earth reinforcement, soil properties and wall properties on bridge MSE walls

Journal Article

Self-centering steel plate shear walls for improving seismic resilience

Patricia M. CLAYTON,Daniel M. DOWDEN,Chao-Hsien LI,Jeffrey W. BERMAN,Michel BRUNEAU,Laura N. LOWES,Keh-Chuan TSAI

Journal Article

Seismic retrofit of existing SRC frames using rocking walls and steel dampers

Akira WADA, Zhe QU, Shojiro MOTOYUI, Hiroyasu SAKATA

Journal Article

Seismic fragility assessment of revised MRT buildings considering typical construction changes

Rakesh DUMARU, Hugo RODRIGUES, Humberto VARUM

Journal Article

The seismic analysis and design for the masonry buildingsin rural villages located in meizoseismal areas

Feng Yuan,Yi Dan,Bi Qiong

Journal Article